Technically speaking three fields in the squid log records are checked for this: client ip address, referer header and user agent header. A request can originate from an ip address which has been registered by Google and/or it can carry a referer tag that tells us a user clicked a link on a Google results page and/or it can carry an agent string that mentions a Google application which can reasonably be assumed to be genuinely Google's. See bottom of page for further details.

In total Google was somehow involved in 49.0% of daily external page^* requests

Google referred to our sites, through its services including search, maps, and Google Earth, 112,968,000 page views per day, representing 41.5% of our external page requests.

Including all of its different search crawlers and services hosted on its servers, Google itself requested another 20,356,000 page pages per day, representing 7.5% of our external page requests.

* = mime type text/html only

IP ranges: known ip ranges for Google are 64.233.[160.0-191.255], 66.249.[64.0-95.255], 66.102.[0.0-15.255], 72.14.[192.0-255.255],
74.125.[0.0-255.255], 209.085.[128.0-255.255], 216.239.[32.0-63.255] and a few minor other subranges

Agents: as for genuine agent strings: too many crawlers indentify themselves as 'GoogleBot' to take this at face value. They are accepted as genuine Google crawler requests only when the ip address matches a known range (see above). Other records that mention GoogleBot are counted as GoogleBot? (question mark, as this may include partners, like DoCoMo). However when the agent string mentions Google Desktop or Google Earth this is always accepted

Service: the service name is based on the agent string (plus for GoogleBot check for ip address, see above), if this is inconclusive it is based on the referer string.

Here is detailed breakdown per service of indicators that pointed to Google (total ≥ 3)
 

Service	Total	Originating from Google ip address	Referer mentions Google url	Agent mentions Google service
Desktop	2,439	-	-	Y
Earth	824	-	-	Y
FeedFetcher	299	Y	-	Y
GoogleBot	20,258	Y	-	Y
GoogleBot?	1,415	-	-	Y
Image search	3,936	-	Y	-
Mail	61	-	Y	-
Maps	324	-	Y	-
Other	42	-	-	Y
Other	4,516	-	Y	-
Other	5	-	Y	Y
Other	92	Y	-	-
Other	184	Y	-	Y
Toolbar	892	-	-	Y
Toolbar	140	-	Y	-
Toolbar	52	-	Y	Y
Translate	38	-	Y	-
Translate	339	Y	-	Y
Translate	165	Y	Y	Y
Web search	110,298	-	Y	-
Web search	9	Y	Y	-
Wireless	17	-	-	Y
Wireless	2,785	Y	-	Y
Wireless	5	Y	Y	Y

Top Level Domain 'undefined': requests with top level domain 'undefined' are nearly all requests from anonymous ip addresses (crawler and other services)

Note: averages below 1 are always rounded up to 1